Summary
This systematic review consolidates evidence on polyphenol bioavailability, demonstrating that whilst some parent compounds are absorbed in the small intestine, the majority undergo bacterial metabolism in the colon, with microbial-derived metabolites representing the primary bioavailable forms. The authors report that total bioavailability (parent plus metabolite forms) can approach 100% in certain cases and individuals, though marked inter-individual variation exists. The review synthesises recent advances in characterising metabolic pathways comprehensively, providing an updated framework for understanding polyphenol fate in human nutrition.
Regional applicability
The findings on polyphenol bioavailability mechanisms are relevant to UK dietary guidance and public health recommendations regarding plant-based foods and beverages. However, the review does not address UK-specific agricultural practices or food supply chains that might influence polyphenol content or composition in locally produced foods.
Key measures
Bioavailability of polyphenol parent compounds and metabolites, absorption sites (small intestine vs colon), microbial catabolism pathways, inter-individual variability in absorption and metabolism
Outcomes reported
The review synthesised current knowledge on polyphenol bioavailability, detailed metabolic pathways in humans, and quantitative estimates of absorption and excretion. It examined the role of gut microbiota in polyphenol metabolism and strategies to enhance bioavailability through nanoformulations and cyclodextrins.
Topic tags
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