Summary
This 2023 IOC consensus statement represents a synthesis of international expert opinion and current scientific evidence on Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport, a condition characterised by insufficient energy intake relative to training demands. The statement updates prior clinical guidance by clarifying diagnostic criteria and outlining evidence-based management approaches across affected physiological systems. The work reflects input from 17 specialists in sports medicine, nutrition, physiology, and psychology, positioning it as authoritative guidance for clinical practitioners and sports organisations.
Regional applicability
The clinical assessment and management framework is applicable across UK sports medicine and athlete healthcare settings, including NHS sports clinics and UK Sport-affiliated programmes. The guidance is particularly relevant to UK governing bodies and professional sports organisations implementing athlete welfare protocols.
Key measures
Diagnostic criteria for REDs; clinical manifestations across endocrine, musculoskeletal, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, immunological, and psychological systems; case identification protocols; management and intervention strategies
Outcomes reported
The statement synthesises evidence on diagnostic criteria, health consequences across multiple organ systems, and clinical management strategies for Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (REDs) in athletic populations. It reports on the prevalence, aetiological factors, and multisystem physiological effects of chronic energy insufficiency in athletes.
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