Biologically mediated degradation of metal–organic frameworks for precision agriculture

Summary

This narrative review examines metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) as advanced delivery platforms for agrochemicals in precision agriculture, emphasising biologically mediated degradation pathways. Rather than passive release, MOFs respond to rhizosphere biological processes—microbial activity, soil acidification, and plant root exudates—to trigger controlled disassembly and nutrient release whilst remaining stable under non-biological conditions. The authors highlight sustainability and scalability barriers (current synthesis yields ~27%) and call for development of biodegradable, biocompatible MOF systems with sustainable aqueous-phase synthesis methods.

Regional applicability

The review is geographically neutral and addresses global precision agriculture challenges. Findings are transferable to United Kingdom agricultural contexts, particularly where improving nutrient use efficiency, reducing agrochemical losses, and adopting precision farming technologies align with policy objectives around environmental stewardship and sustainable intensification.

Key measures

Degradation mechanisms (microbial activity, pH change, root exudate interactions); nutrient release efficiency; synthesis yields (currently ~27%); UV stability; toxicity to non-target species

Outcomes reported

The review synthesises biologically mediated degradation of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) where framework disassembly is governed by microbial activity, rhizosphere acidification, and plant root exudates to enable controlled release of fertilisers and pesticides. It identifies key mechanisms for enhanced nutrient release efficiency while highlighting scalability and sustainability challenges limiting practical application.

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