Summary
-glucosidase and urease activities, accelerating organic matter decomposition and nutrient cycling while modulating microbial taxa critical for nutrient transformation and pathogen suppression. Notably, replacing 20-40% of mineral fertilizers with organic alternatives mitigates environmental risks such as greenhouse gas emissions and nutrient leaching while sustaining crop yields. This dual approach improves soil structure, boosts water and nutrient retention capacity, and increases microbial biomass by 20-30%, fostering long-term soil fertility. Field trials reveal yield increases of 25-40% in crops like rice and maize under combined fertilization, alongside enhanced soil organic carbon (110.6%) and nitrogen content (59.2%). The findings underscore the necessity of adopting region-specifi
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