Summary
This chapter provides a systematic review of alkaloid chemistry and biology, emphasising their dual role as bioactive compounds with both therapeutic potential and toxicological risk. The authors examine how alkaloid structure and molecular interactions determine their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, which may benefit chronic disease management, whilst acknowledging toxicity concerns particularly for pyrrolizidine alkaloids. The work contextualises alkaloids within plant defence mechanisms and explores their relevance to oxidative stress and inflammation in conditions such as obesity and cardiovascular disease.
Regional applicability
The chapter is a global review of phytochemical mechanisms and does not focus on UK-specific agriculture or health systems. Its findings on alkaloid bioactivity are applicable to UK dietary exposure and pharmaceutical development, though UK-specific food safety standards for pyrrolizidine alkaloid contamination would require supplementary reference to national regulatory frameworks.
Key measures
Alkaloid types and structures; antioxidant activity; anti-inflammatory activity; reactive oxygen species (ROS); toxicity of pyrrolizidine alkaloids
Outcomes reported
The chapter describes sources, types, and health effects of alkaloid compounds, including their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties and potential toxicity. It examines the correlation between alkaloid molecular interactions and their pharmacological effects in humans and animals.
Topic tags
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