Summary
The NuEva study evaluated nutrient intake and nutritional status across 258 adults stratified by dietary pattern (omnivores, flexitarians, ovo-lacto vegetarians, and vegans) using 5-day dietary records, blood samples, and 24-hour urine collection. Progressive exclusion of animal products was associated with reduced saturated fat, cholesterol, and sugar intake but lower biomarker concentrations of vitamin B12, vitamin A, iron (ferritin), selenium, iodine, and zinc; conversely, vegan and vegetarian groups showed higher folate, biotin, and vitamin C, and all plant-based groups had significantly lower body weight, BMI, body fat percentage, and atherogenic blood lipid profiles compared to omnivores. The authors conclude that adequately planned vegetarian diets are nutritionally healthy, consistent with Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics guidance.
Regional applicability
This German study provides relevant evidence for United Kingdom nutrition policy and practice regarding plant-based diet adequacy, though UK populations may differ in baseline nutrient status and food fortification practices (particularly B12 in plant-based products). The findings support current British Dietetic Association and NHS guidance on adequately planned vegetarian and vegan diets but highlight the need for targeted supplementation or fortification strategies, particularly for B12, iron, and iodine in plant-based diets.
Key measures
Dietary intake (5-day protocol), plasma/serum nutrient concentrations, 24-hour urinary nutrient excretion, body composition (weight, BMI, body fat %), blood lipids (total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, apolipoprotein B and A1), B12 status index (4cB12 score)
Outcomes reported
The study compared nutrient intake (via 5-day dietary protocol), plasma/serum/urinary nutrient concentrations, body composition, and blood lipid profiles across four dietary habit groups. Key findings included differences in micronutrient status (B12, folate, vitamin A, selenium, iodine, zinc), body weight/BMI, and lipid risk factors between omnivores, flexitarians, vegetarians, and vegans.
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