Summary
This systematic review and meta-analysis synthesises observational evidence on coffee and tea consumption in relation to metabolic disorders. Coffee intake was associated with reduced likelihood of metabolic syndrome (RR 0.87, 95% CI 0.79–0.96), as was tea consumption (RR 0.83, 95% CI 0.73–0.95). Evidence on coffee consumption in NAFLD patients suggested potential protective effects on fibrosis severity, though heterogeneity in study design precluded formal pooling of these analyses.
Regional applicability
The findings are based on international observational studies and are broadly applicable to United Kingdom populations, though the review does not assess UK-specific cohorts. Transferability depends on dietary patterns and healthcare contexts being reasonably similar; the protective associations observed may vary with coffee and tea preparation methods and consumption patterns in different regions.
Key measures
Risk ratios (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals for MetS; fibrosis scores in NAFLD patients; individual components of metabolic syndrome
Outcomes reported
The study examined associations between coffee and tea consumption and prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and metabolic syndrome (MetS) across observational studies. Pooled analyses estimated risk ratios for MetS according to higher versus lower consumption levels of both beverages.
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