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Tier 2 — RCT, large cohort or strong causal designPeer-reviewed

More than 10,000 pre-Columbian earthworks are still hidden throughout Amazonia

Vinícius Peripato, Carolina Levis, Guido Alberti Moreira, Dani Gamerman, Hans ter Steege, Nigel C. A. Pitman, Jonas Gregório de Souza, José María Ordóñez Iriarte, Mark Edward Robinson, André Braga Junqueira, Thiago Barbosa Trindade, Fernando Ozório de Almeida, Claide de Paula Moraes, Umberto Lombardo, Eduardo Kazuo Tamanaha, Shira Yoshi Maezumi, Jean Pierre Ometto, José Renato Garcia Braga, Wesley A. Campanharo, Henrique Cassol, Philipe Riskalla Leal, Mauro Assis, Adriana M. da Silva, Oliver Lawrence Phillips, Flávia R. C. Costa, Bernardo M. Flores, Bruce Hoffman, Terry W. Henkel, María Natalia Umaña, William Ernest Magnusson, Elvis H. Valderrama Sandoval, Jos Barlow, William Milliken, Maria Aparecida Lopes, Marcelo Fragomeni Simon, Tinde R van Andel, Susan G. W. Laurance, William Frederick Laurance, Armando Torres‐Lezama, Rafael L. Assis, Jean‐François Molino, Mickaël Mestre, Michelle Hamblin, Luiz de Souza Coêlho, Diógenes de Andrade Lima Filho, Florian Wittmann, Rafael P. Salomão, Iêda Leão do Amaral, Juan Ernesto Guevara, Francisca Dionízia de Almeida Matos, Carolina Volkmer de Castilho, Marcelo de Jesus Veiga Carim, Dairon Cárdenas López, Daniel Sabatier, Mariana Victória Irume, Maria Pires Martins, José Renan da Silva Guimarães, Olaf Bánki, María Teresa Fernández Piedade, José Ferreira Ramos, Bruno Garcia Luize, Evlyn Márcia Leão de Moraes Novo, Percy Núñez Vargas, Thiago Sanna Freire Silva, Eduardo Martins Venticinque, Ângelo Gilberto Manzatto, Neidiane Farias Costa Reis, John Terborgh, Katia Regina Casula, Layon Oreste Demarchi, Eurídice N. Honorio Coronado, Abel Monteagudo Mendoza, Juan Carlos Montero, Jochen Schöngart, Ted R. Feldpausch, Adriano Costa Quaresma, Gerardo A. Aymard C., Christopher Baraloto, Nicolás Castaño Arboleda, Julien Engel, Pascal Pétronelli, Charles E. Zartman, Timothy J. Killeen, Beatriz Schwantes Marimon, Ben Hur Marimon-Junior, Juliana Schietti, Thaiane Rodrigues de Sousa, Rodolfo Vásquez, Lorena M. Rincón, Érika Berenguer, Joice Ferreira, Bonifacio Mostacedo, Dário Dantas do Amaral, Hernán Castellanos, Marcelo Brilhante de Medeiros, Ana Andrade, José Luís Camargo, Emanuelle de Sousa Farias, José Leonardo Lima Magalhães, Henrique Eduardo Mendonça Nascimento

Science · 2023

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Summary

This study uses LIDAR remote sensing across the Amazon basin to reveal the extent of pre-Columbian human modification of Amazonian forests. The discovery of 24 previously unknown earthworks and modelled projections of 10,000–24,000 remaining undiscovered sites, combined with identification of 53 domesticated tree species concentrated at these sites, demonstrates that ancient Amazonian societies actively managed forests at landscape scale. The findings substantially revise understanding of the magnitude of human influence on current Amazonian forest composition and structure.

Regional applicability

This study focuses on the Amazon basin, primarily in South America (Brazil and bordering regions), and does not directly apply to United Kingdom conditions or farming systems. However, the work has global significance for understanding human–forest interactions and demonstrates methods (LIDAR archaeology) that could inform landscape management and heritage conservation approaches in other regions.

Key measures

Number and spatial distribution of pre-Columbian earthworks detected via LIDAR; modelled abundance and location of undiscovered sites; association of domesticated tree species with earthwork occurrence probability.

Outcomes reported

The study identified 24 previously undetected pre-Columbian earthworks using LIDAR and modelled the distribution of undiscovered archaeological sites, estimating 10,272–23,648 remain to be found. It also identified 53 domesticated tree species significantly associated with earthwork sites, suggesting deliberate forest management by ancient societies.

Theme
Farming systems, soils & land use
Subject
Agroforestry & intercropping
Study type
Research
Study design
Natural experiment
Source type
Peer-reviewed study
Status
Published
Geography
Brazil
System type
Agroforestry
DOI
10.1126/science.ade2541
Catalogue ID
BFmucmwxje-fg6267

Topic tags

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