Summary
This study examined macronutrient dynamics in a coupled aquaponics system integrating koi fish with lettuce and strawberry cultivation. Nutrient removal rates were markedly higher for lettuce (42.95% phosphate, 55.45% nitrate) than strawberries (35.49% phosphate, 46.36% nitrate), suggesting that leafy greens are more effective at reducing dissolved nutrient accumulation in the system and supporting water quality stability.
Regional applicability
Findings are transferable to United Kingdom aquaponics operations, particularly for small-scale or commercial recirculating systems. The study's location in Turkey (temperate aquaculture climate) may require adjustment for UK seasonal variations and ambient water temperatures, but the core nutrient dynamics and comparative plant performance are likely applicable to UK producers seeking sustainable integrated fish–plant production.
Key measures
Phosphate removal rate (%), nitrate removal rate (%), fish growth performance, water quality parameters
Outcomes reported
The study measured removal rates of phosphate and nitrate from aquaponics water by lettuce and strawberry plants grown alongside koi fish. Lettuce removed 42.95% of phosphate and 55.45% of nitrate, whilst strawberries removed 35.49% of phosphate and 46.36% of nitrate.
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