Summary
This systematic review and meta-analysis synthesised in vitro antimicrobial resistance data from 24 studies spanning 13,949 bacterial isolates of three major bovine respiratory disease pathogens. Tetracycline resistance was most prevalent (12–30% across pathogens), whilst resistance to enrofloxacin and florfenicol remained low (≤1.1% and ≤1.6%, respectively). Significant geographic variation was observed, with North America showing higher tetracycline and florfenicol resistance than Europe, and temporal analysis revealed divergent trends: tulathromycin resistance increased significantly in Pasteurella multocida post-2013, whilst florfenicol resistance declined in Histophilus somni.
Regional applicability
The findings include European data and permit direct comparison with North American patterns, offering UK cattle practitioners and policymakers regionally relevant resistance epidemiology. The identification of lower fluoroquinolone and florfenicol resistance globally supports their continued role in UK BRD management, whilst high tetracycline resistance rates suggest diminishing utility of this class and inform UK antimicrobial stewardship guidance.
Key measures
Proportions of resistant isolates (%) by antimicrobial and pathogen; geographic and temporal comparisons; funnel plot asymmetry analysis for publication bias
Outcomes reported
Pooled proportions of antimicrobial resistance across five antimicrobials (penicillin G, tetracycline, florfenicol, tulathromycin, enrofloxacin) in three major BRD pathogens, with temporal and geographic trend analysis. Geographic variation and temporal trends in resistance patterns were assessed to inform antimicrobial stewardship.
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