Summary
This meta-analysis synthesised evidence from 76 studies to evaluate how different combinations of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and organic fertilisers affect maize yield, soil nutrient status and water relations in northern China. Combined application of all four fertiliser types (NPKO) produced the greatest yield gains (up to 220.42%) and water use efficiency improvements (up to 160.72%), whilst single organic fertiliser application uniquely increased soil moisture. The findings suggest that tailored fertilisation strategies, differentiated by soil type, can enhance both crop productivity and soil sustainability.
Regional applicability
The study's focus on maize in northern China's temperate climate and specific soil types (lithological, black and fluvo-aquic soils) has limited direct applicability to UK cereals production, which operates under different climatic, soil and regulatory conditions. However, the meta-analytical framework and conclusions regarding balanced nutrient management and organic matter inputs may inform UK arable practice, particularly regarding phosphorus and potassium efficiency.
Key measures
Maize yield (% change from control); soil organic matter, total nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium content (% change); soil moisture (% change); water use efficiency (% change)
Outcomes reported
The study measured maize yield, soil nutrient content (organic matter, total nitrogen, available phosphorus and potassium), soil moisture, and water use efficiency across different fertilisation regimes. Outcomes were extracted and synthesised from 76 primary studies comprising 2,663 data points.
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