Pulse Brain · Growing Health Evidence Index
Tier 3 — Observational / field trialPeer-reviewedConventional

Effects of diverse forage mixtures on rumen fermentation, nitrogen metabolism, and prokaryote microbial community structure in continuous culture fermenters

T. Jackson; Jennifer MacAdam; J. Villalba; Surbhi Verma; Bugil Choi; Yuting Zhai; Kwangcheol C Jeong; F. Batistel

Frontiers in Animal Science · 2026

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Summary

This in vitro continuous culture study evaluated how integrating legumes and forbs into crested wheatgrass-dominated forage systems affects rumen fermentation and prokaryotic microbial ecology. A 75% crested wheatgrass with 25% alfalfa mixture demonstrated superior neutral detergent fibre digestibility and acetate production, whilst more diverse four- and five-species mixtures altered prokaryotic community composition without affecting microbial nitrogen flow. The findings suggest forage diversity modulates rumen microbial structure and nutrient utilisation efficiency, with potential implications for rangeland-based beef production in the Intermountain West.

Regional applicability

The study's focus on crested wheatgrass-dominated rangeland systems is geographically specific to the Intermountain West of North America and has limited direct applicability to UK grassland and pasture systems, which differ substantially in botanical composition, climate, and management. However, the broader principle that forage diversity influences rumen microbial structure and fermentation efficiency may inform UK grassland diversification strategies, particularly for organic and regenerative beef systems.

Key measures

Neutral detergent fibre digestibility, acetate production, ammonia-N concentrations, microbial nitrogen flow, prokaryotic community composition (16S rRNA-based), alpha diversity, beta diversity, relative abundance of Prevotella, Succiniclasticum, Prevotellaceae_UCG-001, and NK4A214_group

Outcomes reported

The study measured neutral detergent fibre digestibility, acetate production, ammonia-N concentrations, microbial nitrogen flow, and prokaryotic microbial community composition across five forage mixture treatments. Rumen fermentation patterns and microbial alpha and beta diversity were quantified using a dual-flow continuous culture system.

Theme
Nutrition & health
Subject
Livestock nutrition & meat quality
Study type
Research
Study design
Controlled laboratory experiment
Source type
Peer-reviewed study
Status
Published
Geography
United States
System type
Laboratory / in vitro
DOI
10.3389/fanim.2025.1645287
Catalogue ID
NRmocz2pbf-00f

Topic tags

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