Summary
This comprehensive review synthesises global epidemiological and clinical evidence on hyperuricemia, examining the multifaceted roles of uric acid (antioxidant, pro-inflammatory, immune modulation) and the genetic and environmental determinants of urate transporter function that govern circulating urate equilibrium. The authors elucidate the complex inflammatory and metabolic mechanisms by which elevated uric acid contributes to gout, cardiovascular disease, renal dysfunction, metabolic syndrome, and diabetes, providing a foundation for novel therapeutic and pharmacological approaches.
Regional applicability
This is a global review with no specific geographic restriction. The findings are directly applicable to United Kingdom clinical practice, given that hyperuricemia and gout prevalence are rising in developed nations including the UK; however, the review does not examine UK-specific epidemiology or policy contexts.
Key measures
Serum uric acid (SUA) levels; urate transporter function; inflammatory markers; epidemiological prevalence data across developed countries
Outcomes reported
The review examines the physiological, genetic, and inflammatory mechanisms linking elevated serum uric acid to gout, cardiovascular disease, renal disorders, metabolic syndrome, and diabetes, synthesising global epidemiological data and clinical practice evidence.
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