Summary
This narrative review appraises microalgae as a sustainable alternative source of long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (EPA and DHA) to address supply constraints from traditional fish oil and seafood sources. The authors examine epidemiological and intervention evidence linking n-3 PUFA to prevention of coronary artery disease, hypertension, diabetes, neurodegenerative disease, and cognitive decline, with particular focus on clinical applications in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease. The review also evaluates the technical feasibility of microalgae bioconversion to n-3 PUFA-rich oils and their incorporation into food products and dietary supplements, whilst considering the economic viability and environmental sustainability of large-scale microalgae cultivation as an alternative to marine harvesting.
Regional applicability
The review addresses global supply-chain challenges and sustainability concerns relevant to United Kingdom food security and public health nutrition policy. As microalgae production technologies mature and regulatory pathways develop, findings may inform UK dietary guidance on omega-3 sources and support transition towards more sustainable protein and lipid sourcing in the UK food system.
Key measures
Health outcomes associated with EPA and DHA supplementation; microalgae species and production methods; commercial applications in food and supplements; sustainability metrics
Outcomes reported
The review synthesises evidence on health benefits of microalgae-derived n-3 PUFA (EPA and DHA) for chronic disease prevention and cognitive function, examines food and dietary supplement applications, and evaluates economic and environmental sustainability of microalgae production platforms.
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