Methane Emissions from Livestock Operations: Sources, Sinks, and Mitigation Strategies

Summary

This narrative review synthesises the current state of knowledge on methane emissions from livestock operations, examining both the primary sources (enteric fermentation and manure handling) and the limited role of natural atmospheric sinks in offsetting these emissions. The authors evaluate a range of mitigation approaches—spanning animal and feed management, dietary interventions, rumen manipulation, and emerging technologies—whilst emphasising that effective strategies must maintain animal productivity and health as part of integrated sustainable livestock systems.

Regional applicability

The findings are globally applicable, though specific mitigation strategies' effectiveness may vary with UK climate, forage availability, and production systems. The review's emphasis on integrated approaches aligns with United Kingdom policy directions on net-zero livestock agriculture, though technology adoption rates and economic viability will depend on local farm structure and support mechanisms.

Key measures

Methane emissions from enteric fermentation and manure management; efficacy of mitigation strategies; impact on animal productivity and health

Outcomes reported

The review synthesises current understanding of methane sources in livestock farming (enteric fermentation and manure management), examines methane sinks and their limited offset capacity, and evaluates mitigation approaches across animal management, diet, rumen manipulation, and advanced technologies.

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