Pathogenesis and intervention strategies for metabolic dysfunction–associated fatty liver disease from the perspective of the gut–microbiota–liver axis

Summary

This narrative review synthesises current understanding of the gut-microbiota-liver axis in metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease, highlighting bidirectional signalling and metabolite exchange as central mechanisms in disease pathogenesis. The authors explore potential therapeutic approaches, including probiotic intervention and phage therapy targeting intestinal microecology, to inform precision prevention and treatment strategies for MAFLD.

Regional applicability

The findings are globally applicable to MAFLD management, as the gut microbiota-liver axis operates similarly across populations. However, UK-specific implementation would require evaluation of probiotic and phage therapy interventions within the NHS health economic and regulatory framework, alongside consideration of dietary and lifestyle factors prevalent in British populations.

Key measures

Gut microbiota composition and metabolites; bidirectional communication mechanisms between gut and liver; MAFLD pathogenesis markers

Outcomes reported

The review characterises the role of the gut-liver axis in MAFLD pathogenesis, examining how gut microbiota composition and metabolites change during disease development and exploring therapeutic interventions targeting intestinal microecology.

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