Summary
This observational study applies propensity score matching to Periodic Labour Force Survey data (2019–20) to estimate the causal effect of rural non-farm employment on household income and consumption in Uttar Pradesh. Results show that non-farm employment participation increases monthly per capita income by ₹412–₹417 and consumption by ₹97 compared to agricultural workers, placing participants above the poverty line. The analysis reveals persistent regional disparities, with Western UP showing stronger benefits, suggesting the need for region-specific employment strategies to improve job quality and accessibility.
Regional applicability
This study is geographically specific to rural Uttar Pradesh, India, and addresses the Indian policy context. The findings and methodological approach may have limited direct applicability to United Kingdom rural economies, which have markedly different labour market structures, agricultural systems, and social safety nets. However, the propensity score matching methodology and the conceptual framing of non-farm employment as a poverty alleviation strategy could inform comparative rural development research.
Key measures
Monthly per capita income (₹412 NNM, ₹416.8 KBM increase); monthly per capita consumption expenditure (₹97 increase); poverty line positioning; regional disparities within Uttar Pradesh
Outcomes reported
The study measured the causal impact of rural non-farm employment participation on monthly per capita income and consumption expenditure compared to agricultural workers. It assessed whether non-farm economic activities effectively enhance rural welfare outcomes and poverty alleviation in Uttar Pradesh.
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