Summary
This critical review synthesises evidence (2000–February 2026) on phosphate-rich organic manure (PROM) and plant growth-promoting Pseudomonas species in rabi-season groundnut cultivation across semi-arid tropical regions. The review examines the mechanisms of phosphorus solubilisation, phytohormone synthesis, siderophore production, antibiosis, and induced systemic resistance, alongside their interactive effects on rhizosphere microbiology and soil phosphorus dynamics. Published data indicate that integrated PROM–Pseudomonas systems consistently raise pod yields 15–35% above controls and permit substitution of 25–50% synthetic phosphatic fertiliser, whilst reducing pathogen pressure and improving kernel quality without cumulative environmental costs of mineral fertiliser dependency.
Regional applicability
This review focuses on rabi groundnut systems in semi-arid tropical regions, primarily South Asia (India). The findings are directly applicable to United Kingdom conditions only in glasshouse or controlled-environment groundnut production; however, the underlying mechanisms of Pseudomonas-mediated phosphate solubilisation and organic manure chemistry are transferable to temperate legume cropping systems seeking to reduce synthetic phosphate inputs.
Key measures
Pod yield improvement (%), phosphorus bioavailability, rhizosphere microbial community composition, nodulation, kernel quality metrics, soil biological health indicators, fertiliser substitution rate (%)
Outcomes reported
The review synthesises evidence on mechanisms and agronomic outcomes of phosphate-rich organic manure (PROM) and Pseudomonas species in rabi groundnut systems, including effects on pod yield, nodulation, kernel quality, and soil biological health. Published evidence indicates integrated PROM–Pseudomonas systems improve pod yields by 15–35% and can substitute 25–50% of recommended synthetic phosphatic fertiliser.
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