Summary
This narrative review synthesises recent evidence on the relationships between dietary patterns, gut microbiota composition, and bacterial metabolite production in human health and disease. The authors integrate findings from omics technologies (metagenomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics) demonstrating that diet is a major driver of microbiota changes, and highlight mechanistic links between specific dietary-microbiota patterns and the development of metabolic and chronic diseases including obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and neurological conditions.
Regional applicability
As a global narrative review synthesising cross-population findings, the work is broadly applicable to United Kingdom nutrition and health policy. However, the review emphasises dietary variation across countries and populations; specific dietary recommendations and microbiota profiles may require tailoring to UK dietary contexts and disease prevalence patterns.
Key measures
Gut microbiota composition (metagenomics), bacterial metabolites (metabolomics), dietary pattern components, host metabolic markers and disease occurrence
Outcomes reported
The review examines how different dietary patterns shape gut microbiota composition and bacterial metabolite production, and their associations with metabolic diseases including obesity, diabetes, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, cardiovascular disease, and neurological disorders.
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