Summary
This systematic review and meta-analysis of four RCTs (n=134 participants) examined whether oral omega-3 supplementation modulates heart rate variability in overweight and obese individuals. Within-subject analyses showed significant increases in parasympathetic-associated time-domain indices (RMSSD, SDNN, pNN50%), whilst between-group comparisons found no significant effects on frequency-domain measures (HF, LF power, or LF/HF ratio). The findings suggest omega-3 may have modest effects on autonomic balance in this population, though heterogeneity in study design and limited trial numbers warrant cautious interpretation.
Regional applicability
The study does not specify geographic location. The trials appear international and methodology is broadly applicable to United Kingdom clinical practice; however, results are derived from a small sample size (four trials, 134 participants) and applicability to UK populations with varying obesity phenotypes and dietary backgrounds would benefit from larger, locally-conducted trials.
Key measures
Time-domain HRV indices (RMSSD, SDNN, pNN50%) and frequency-domain indices (HF power, LF power, LF/HF ratio)
Outcomes reported
The meta-analysis examined time-domain and frequency-domain heart rate variability indices in overweight and obese individuals receiving oral omega-3 supplementation compared to placebo or baseline. Primary outcomes measured included RMSSD, SDNN, pNN50%, HF power, LF power, and LF/HF ratio.
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