Rational nutrition of women during physiological pregnancy

Summary

This narrative review synthesises current scientific evidence on nutritional support during physiological pregnancy, examining both macro- and micronutrient roles in shaping maternal and fetal health outcomes. The review demonstrates that low dietary diversity and high inflammatory dietary patterns are associated with increased risk of low birth weight and intrauterine growth restriction, whilst adequate intake of protein, quality fats, and key micronutrients (folate, iron, iodine, vitamin D, choline) is essential for fetal development and long-term child health. The authors emphasise that individualised, balanced nutritional approaches tailored to metabolic demands and regional characteristics represent an evidence-based component of prenatal care.

Regional applicability

The review synthesises global evidence without specifying regional context; applicability to United Kingdom practice would depend on how national dietary guidelines, food fortification status, and healthcare systems align with the micronutrient recommendations discussed. UK prenatal care guidelines (e.g. NICE) already incorporate many of these principles, though direct comparison with this review's specific recommendations would require review of UK-specific maternal nutrition guidance.

Key measures

Dietary diversity, inflammatory potential of maternal diet, macronutrient intake (protein, fats, carbohydrates), micronutrient status (folate, iron, iodine, vitamin D, choline), birth weight, intrauterine growth restriction, obstetric complications, child health outcomes

Outcomes reported

The study synthesized evidence on the impact of dietary quantity and quality on intrauterine development and perinatal outcomes. It assessed the role of macro- and micronutrients in maternal and fetal health, including associations with birth weight and long-term child health.

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