Summary
This systematic review examines greenhouse gas emissions from the global dairy industry and evaluates promising mitigation technologies, with emphasis on developing countries. Anaerobic digestion emerges as the most scalable solution, achieving 50–70% methane reduction whilst generating renewable biogas, though widespread adoption in lower-income regions is constrained by capital costs, technical expertise, and infrastructure gaps. The authors highlight that effective decarbonisation requires integrated, region-specific policy and technology solutions.
Regional applicability
UK dairy producers may benefit from the review's synthesis on anaerobic digestion and co-digestion technologies, which are increasingly deployed on larger UK farms. However, the review's primary focus on developing country contexts means that UK-specific regulatory, cost-benefit and infrastructure considerations require separate assessment.
Key measures
Methane and nitrous oxide emission reduction percentages; biogas yield increases; geographical and sectoral variation in emissions; adoption barriers
Outcomes reported
The review synthesised global evidence on greenhouse gas emissions from dairy production and evaluated mitigation technologies, with particular focus on developing countries. It quantified the abatement potential of anaerobic digestion, co-digestion, and feed additives, and identified implementation barriers.
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