Multi-omics approaches for understanding gene-environment interactions in noncommunicable diseases: techniques, translation, and equity issues

Summary

This scoping review synthesises the global multi-omics literature on non-communicable diseases (2000–2024), evaluating recent advances in data integration, translational medicine applications, and equity considerations. The authors identify persistent challenges including analytical complexity, dataset heterogeneity, and severe underrepresentation of non-European populations in omics research, which limits generalisability and exacerbates health disparities. The review advocates for standardised protocols, harmonised data-sharing policies, artificial intelligence/machine learning approaches, and strategic investment in local capacity-building in underrepresented regions to advance precision medicine equitably.

Regional applicability

This review's findings on multi-omics methodology and gene-environment research have direct relevance to United Kingdom health research infrastructure and precision medicine strategy, particularly regarding data harmonisation and equity in genetic research. However, the emphasis on building capacity in underrepresented populations and regions may require tailored application within the UK's existing research ecosystem and diverse population health needs.

Key measures

Landscape assessment of multi-omics studies on NCDs; evaluation of data integration approaches; analysis of equity and representativeness in omics research; review of gene-environment interaction methodologies and translational applications

Outcomes reported

This scoping review evaluated the global landscape of multi-omics data related to non-communicable diseases from 2000 to 2024, examining advancements in data integration, translational applications, and equity considerations. The study assessed challenges in multi-omics research including dataset heterogeneity, analytical limitations, and underrepresentation of non-European genetic ancestries.

Topic tags