Summary
This narrative review synthesises current evidence on economically important viral and bacterial respiratory pathogens affecting commercial poultry systems. The authors identify avian influenza virus, Newcastle disease virus, infectious bronchitis virus, and avian pneumovirus as the primary viral threats, alongside seven major bacterial pathogens, and examine documented control and prevention approaches. The review emphasises the substantial financial burden imposed by respiratory disease on the global poultry sector.
Regional applicability
The findings are applicable to United Kingdom poultry production, as all identified pathogens pose potential biosecurity and production risks to UK flocks, and control measures discussed are relevant to UK regulatory frameworks and farm management practice.
Key measures
Pathogen circulation patterns, economic losses attributable to respiratory disease, effectiveness of control and prevention methods
Outcomes reported
The review synthesises evidence on the circulation, economic impact, and control methods for major viral (avian influenza, Newcastle disease, infectious bronchitis, avian pneumovirus) and bacterial (Mycoplasma gallisepticum, Staphylococcus, Bordetella avium, Pasteurella multocida, Riemerella anatipestifer, Chlamydophila psittaci, Escherichia coli) respiratory pathogens in poultry flocks.
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