Summary
This narrative review synthesises current understanding of zinc's essential role in human physiology, detailing cellular transport mechanisms (ZIP4, ZnT1, ZnT5B), dietary and physiological factors affecting bioavailability, and the clinical spectrum from deficiency to toxicity. The authors emphasise that zinc cannot be stored appreciably and thus requires consistent dietary intake, and note important interactions between zinc supplementation and certain medications and minerals.
Regional applicability
The review addresses fundamental human zinc metabolism and pathophysiology applicable globally, including to United Kingdom populations. However, the paper does not address UK-specific dietary intake patterns, fortification policies, or the prevalence of zinc deficiency in UK population subgroups, limiting its direct relevance to UK nutritional guidance or public health policy.
Key measures
Zinc absorption bioavailability; plasma zinc binding to albumin; zinc excretion routes; clinical presentation of deficiency and toxicity; gene mutations (SLC39A4); drug-zinc interactions
Outcomes reported
The review examines zinc transport mechanisms, absorption factors, homeostatic regulation, and clinical manifestations of both zinc deficiency and toxicity. It discusses inherited and acquired zinc deficiency conditions, toxicity effects, and therapeutic supplementation strategies.
Topic tags
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