Summary
This narrative review synthesises evidence on the bidirectional relationship between malnutrition and allergic disease, proposing that prolonged micronutrient deficiencies promote Th2-skewed inflammation and allergic sensitization, whilst adequate nutrient status supports tolerogenic immune responses. The authors examine how allergens function as nutrient binders and their role in nutritional immunity, arguing that nutrient deficiency exaggerates immune reactivity to allergens, whereas nutrient-replete conditions may allow these same allergens to support immune health.
Regional applicability
The mechanisms described are likely applicable to United Kingdom populations, though the review does not report UK-specific epidemiological data. The findings may inform clinical and nutritional management of allergic conditions in UK primary and secondary care, particularly for populations at risk of micronutrient deficiency.
Key measures
Physiological functions of allergenic proteins, iron and vitamin A; immune cell phenotypes (Th2, regulatory, tolerogenic); nutrient bioavailability; immune response magnitude
Outcomes reported
The review examines how macro- and micronutrient deficiencies contribute to allergic sensitization and Th2-mediated inflammation in individuals with allergic dermatitis, food allergies, rhinitis, and asthma. It explores how adequate micronutrient status promotes regulatory and tolerogenic immune phenotypes, and discusses nutrient bioavailability under inflamed conditions.
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