Nutrigenomics meets multi-omics: integrating genetic, metabolic, and microbiome data for personalized nutrition strategies.

Summary

This narrative review synthesizes recent advances in precision nutrition by integrating multi-omics technologies—genomic, epigenetic, transcriptomic, proteomic, metabolomic, and microbiome data—with computational biology to enable personalized dietary interventions. Advanced machine learning models, particularly transformer and graph neural networks, have achieved over 90% accuracy in predicting individual metabolic responses to dietary interventions, and large-scale clinical trials (PREDICT, FOOD4ME, PRECISION-HEALTH) have demonstrated superior outcomes in weight management and glycemic control compared with conventional population-based dietary recommendations. The authors argue that successful implementation requires interdisciplinary collaboration among biologists, computational scientists, clinicians, and policymakers, with future research focused on scalable implementation frameworks and standardized clinical practice guidelines.

Regional applicability

The review is non-geographically specific and draws on international clinical trial evidence. The findings and recommendations are potentially applicable to United Kingdom healthcare and nutrition practice, particularly within NHS diabetes management and emerging digital health initiatives, though implementation would require adaptation to UK healthcare infrastructure, regulatory frameworks, and equity considerations.

Key measures

Computational model accuracy in predicting metabolic responses (>90%), weight management, glycemic control, dietary adherence, continuous glucose monitoring data, AI-powered application outcomes

Outcomes reported

The review synthesizes advances in integrating genomic, epigenetic, transcriptomic, proteomic, metabolomic, and microbiome data to develop personalized dietary interventions. It evaluates machine learning approaches and reports findings from large-scale clinical trials demonstrating improvements in weight management, glycemic control, and dietary adherence.

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