Summary
This integrated omics study evaluated how a Malvaceae-derived protein hydrolysate and its medium molecular weight fraction influence tomato gene expression and metabolism under optimal and limited nitrogen availability. The whole hydrolysate (C) was more effective than the molecular fraction (F2) in upregulating photosynthesis and stress response genes, enhancing nitrogen use efficiency via nitrate transporter expression, and accumulating protective metabolites (fatty acids, amino acids, phenolics) under nitrogen limitation. Both fractions modulated hormone signalling and circadian rhythm pathways, suggesting mechanisms by which plant-derived biostimulants can enhance crop resilience to suboptimal nutrient conditions.
Regional applicability
The findings are potentially applicable to United Kingdom horticulture, particularly for protected cropping systems where biostimulants and precision nutrition management are increasingly used. However, the study was conducted under controlled greenhouse conditions; validation in UK field conditions and assessment of cost-effectiveness relative to conventional nitrogen management would be needed for practical adoption.
Key measures
Gene expression (photosynthesis, stress response, hormone signalling, circadian rhythm, nitrate transporters); metabolomic profile (fatty acids, amino acids, phenolic compounds); foliar treatment application; optimal vs. suboptimal nitrogen conditions
Outcomes reported
The study measured gene expression, metabolomic profiles, and physiological responses in tomato plants treated with Malvaceae-derived protein hydrolysate or its molecular fraction under optimal and limited nitrogen conditions. Key outcomes included changes in photosynthesis-related genes, stress response pathways, hormone signalling, and accumulation of fatty acids, amino acids, and phenolic compounds.
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