Summary
This narrative review synthesises the role of nutrigenetics, nutrigenomics and epigenetics in preventing chronic metabolic diseases. The authors argue that diet is a modifiable factor capable of interacting with the genome and epigenome to influence health and fertility across generations, and that epigenetic modifications induced by lifestyle and environmental factors can be reversed through dietary intervention. The work positions precision nutrition as a tool for tailoring prevention strategies to individual genetic profiles and for interrupting transgenerational cycles of metabolic disease.
Regional applicability
The review is global in scope and addresses fundamental mechanisms of gene–diet–disease interaction applicable to United Kingdom population health and precision medicine initiatives. However, specific dietary recommendations and genetic screening protocols would require tailoring to UK food environments, NHS policy and genomic medicine infrastructure.
Key measures
Gene-diet interactions, nutrigenetic variants, gene expression modulation, epigenetic modifications, intergenerational and transgenerational transmission of metabolic disease susceptibility
Outcomes reported
The review examined interactions between diet, genes and epigenetic modifications in the context of chronic disease prevention. It synthesised evidence on how nutrigenetic and nutrigenomic approaches can inform prevention of metabolic diseases including Type 2 diabetes, gestational diabetes, hypertension and cardiovascular disease, with potential transgenerational effects.
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